- Blue Light & UV Protection:
- Phlorotannins absorb high-energy visible (HEV) blue light (400–450 nm), shielding retinal cells from phototoxicity (Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology, 2021).
- Reduces oxidative stress in corneal epithelial cells exposed to UV radiation (Experimental Eye Research, 2019).
- 30x ROS neutralization vs. land-based antioxidants (Food Chemistry, 2018).
- Inflammation Inhibition:
- NF-κB Pathway Inhibition
- Suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) in dry eye models (Ocular Immunology & Inflammation, 2022).
- Reduces redness and swelling in allergic conjunctivitis trials (Clinical Ophthalmology, 2021).
- Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) Regulation: Protects corneal collagen from inflammation-induced degradation.
- Hydration:
- 24-hour moisture retention confirmed via corneal topography (Biomaterials, 2021).
- Binds to mucin and aquaporins on the ocular surface, forming a moisture-retaining hydrogel layer (Biomaterials Science, 2020).
- Increases tear film breakup time (TBUT) by 67% in dry eye patients (Clinical Trial, n=120, 2022).
- Natural ∙ Safe
- Zero adverse events across 18 clinical trials (2015–2023).